Paint in code

There are already tons of blogs about setting up vim for Python programming. I've been going through these excellent articles this weekend. This blog is to record what steps I took to set up my own MacVim with Python.

(Disclaimer: In order to put together information from all different sources, I shamelessly copied/pasted content from other blogs. I'd try my best to give credit back to the authors by adding links to their original sources.)

MacVim as Python IDE

Install MacVim with Python

Either of the following two options can be used to install MacVim.

Option 1: Through Mac ports

Make sure Mac ports are the latest.

$ sudo port -v selfupdate

Install MacVim with Python.

$ sudo port install macvim +cscope +python26

(Source: Pietra's technical journals)

Option 2: "Make" your own

$ git clone git://github.com/b4winckler/macvim.git
$ cd macvim/src
$ ./configure --enable-pythoninterp --with-macsdk=10.6
$ make

To install MacVim, type:

$ open MacVim/build/Release

and drag the MacVim icon into your /Applications folder.

(source: MacVim Github)

Add the following to ~/.profile or ~/.bash_profile.

alias vim=/Applications/MacVim.app/Contents/MacOS/Vim

To test if MacVim has python integrated, type

:python print "Hello, world!"

in MacVim. It should respond "Hello, world!".

Look and feel

The default MacVim color scheme isn't that appealing. I found dark background is easier for my eyes. Light background could put a strain on my eyes after staring at screen more than one hour.

To install a color scheme, first, create a directory:

$ mkdir ~/.vim/colors

Then, go here for a list of color schemes. Download the *.vim file, and put it to the ~/.vim/colors directory.

The Lucius color scheme with dark background is amazingly beautiful. This color scheme also supports light and blue themes.

Move lucius to the colors directory. Edit .vimrc to turn on syntax highlighting and set color scheme:

$ mv lucius.vim ~/.vim/colors
$ vi ~/.vimrc

set nocompatible

syntax on
colorscheme lucius
"colorscheme mustang
set background=dark

Now, open MacVim to try it out. You can switch among dark, light, and blue themes by typing :LuciusLight, :LuciusDark, and :LuciusBlue individually in MacVim.

Lucius light

(Mustang2 is another great color scheme with dark background. You can find it here. For some people, if macvim cannot find mustang, you might need to rename Mustang.vim to mustang.vim.)

As for font, I prefer Monaco in size 12.

set gfn=Monaco:h12

Here are some other settings for tab, indent, search, and line numbers:

set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set expandtab
set softtabstop=4
set smartindent
set autoindent

set hlsearch
set incsearch
set showmatch

set number

Open new files in tabs

By default, "vi a_new_file" in terminal will open a new MacVim window. You might want to put the newly the opened file in a new tab.

Edit mvim:

$ vi /opt/local/bin/mvim

Add the following line at the top of the file below the comments.

tabs=true

And replace the if structure at the bottom of the file with the following:

# Last step:  fire up vim.
if [ "$gui" ]; then
  if $tabs && [[ `$binary --serverlist` = "VIM" ]]; then
    exec "$binary" -g $opts --remote-tab-silent ${1:+"$@"}
  else
    exec "$binary" -g $opts ${1:+"$@"}
  fi
else
  exec "$binary" $opts ${1:+"$@"}
fi

Use <gt> to switch tabs.

(Source: Web Expose)

CTags and Tag List

CTags and Tag list give you an outline of classes, members, and functions in a left-side panel. Quite handy for code navigation.

Install ctags:

$ port install ctags

Install taglist:

Download here. Copy taglist.vim to ~/.vim/plugin

Add these two lines in ~/.vimrc to turn on file type detection.

filetype on
filetype plugin on

Run ctags on your project folder to generate a tags file which contains locations of classes, members, and functions in your project. For example, here we generate a tags file for all python source code in the "my_django_project" directory and its sub-directories.

$ cd my_django_project
$ ctags -R *.py

Please notice: if you already have a directory with a exact same name as "tags" under "my_django_project", you will get a "ctags: Failure on attempt to read file : Is a directory" error message. You can either rename your "tags" directory to something else, or change the location where the tags file will be generated. This is not within the scope of this blog but you can find more details here.

ctags can be configured to skip indexing certain types of code. The following command has ctags skip indexing python import statements.

$ ctags -R --python-kinds=-i *.py

To see what else can be skipped, type:

$ ctags --list-kinds=python

In ~/.vimrc, bind F8 to ctags command so we can re-generate tags on the fly.

nnoremap <F8> :!/opt/local/bin/ctags -R --python-kinds=-i *.py<CR>

In MacVim, type :TlistToggle to open the tag list. Use <C-ww> to switch between windows, <C-]> to jump to tag when the cursor is over a word, and <C-t> to go back. Pressing <space> on a function name in the tag list shows the function signature. For a full list of tag list key bindings, check out this blog.

I bound F4 to :TlistToggle.

nnoremap <F4> :TlistToggle<CR>

If you'd like to open tag list on right, add this line to ~/.vimrc:

let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1

Omni Complete

If you ever used Visual Studio, Eclipse, or other modern IDEs, you probably already knew what Omni Complete does. Omni Complete is the equivalent IntelliSense or code autocomplete for vim.

Add this line to ~/.vimrc to enable omni complete for python.

autocmd FileType python set omnifunc=pythoncomplete#Complete

The key combo (

) to toggle omni complete is quite awkward. Here I changed it to .

inoremap <C-space> <C-x><C-o>

OmniComplete

Task list

It is a common practice for programmers to mark TODO and FIXME in code. The TaskList plugin shows a list of such marks.

Download it here. Copy the vim file to ~/.vim/plugin

Type :TaskList to open the list.

Task list showing TODO

Pyflakes

Pyflakes analyzes Python programs and detects various errors. It is a must-have plugin for me.

Download the plugin here. Unzip it to ~/.vim/

$ unzip pyflakes-vim.zip -d ~/.vim/

PyFlakes

SnipMate

One of TextMate's cool features is snippet. Type "for" then press the <tab> key, a block of for statement is automatically generated. Vim can have the same feature with the SnipMate plugin.

Download the plugin here. Unzip it to ~/.vim/

This video demonstrates SnipMate in action.

FuzzyFinder

Another extremely useful plugin. What does it do? See it your self: video.
You can download it here. The L9 library is also required because FuzzyFinder depends on it.

Type :FufFile to search in files. I added the following line in ~/.vimrc to bind <C-f><C-f> to :FufFile.

nnoremap <C-f><C-f> :FufFile<CR>

In FuzyFinder, type <CR> to jump to deeper directories or open a selected file in the current tab. Type <C-l> to open selected file in a new tab. For more details of FuzzyFinder usage, go here.

NERDTree

"The NERD tree allows you to explore your filesystem and to open files and
directories. It presents the filesystem to you in the form of a tree which you
manipulate with the keyboard and/or mouse. It also allows you to perform
simple filesystem operations." (Marty Grenfell, vim.org)

Type :NERDTreeToggle to open/close NERD Tree.

In NERDTree, type t to open the file in a new tab. Type :Bookmark to set a bookmark on a file or directory. <B> will open or hide a list of all bookmarks. In the bookmark list, type D to delete a selected bookmark. Type <C> on a directory will change the current working directory to that directory. More commands can be found in this article.

I bound the command to F3:

nnoremap <F3> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>

MatchIt

MatchIt is a handy plugin that lets you jump from a opening tag to its paired closing tag, and vice versa. To see it in action, check out MrTutcasts's awesome video.

Download it here. Unzip it to ~/.vim/

Move your cursor to a HTML tag, e.g. <div>, then type %. The cursor will jump to its closing </div> tag.

Save your fingers

All these wonderful plugins involve a lot of strokes on the Ctrl key. To make your typing more pleasant, it is recommended to swap Caps lock with the control key.

Change the key bindings at System Preferences -> Keyboard -> Modify keys.

Other interesting vim plugins

tComment: toggle comments on one or more lines.
MRU: list most recently used files.
SearchComplete: Tab to complete search words in / search.
SuperTab: Tab to activate auto completion.

vi ~/.vimrc

set nocompatible              " Use vim defaults
"set ls=2                      " Always show status line
set showcmd                   " Show incomplete commands
set scrolloff=3               " Keep 3 lines when scrolling
set ruler                     " Show the cursor position all the time
set title                     " Show title in console title bar
set hid                       " Change buffer without saving
set showmatch                 " Show matching bracets

set ts=2                      " Numbers of spaces of tab character
set sw=2                      " Numbers of spaces to (auto)indent
set et                        " Tabs are converted to spaces, use only when required
set sts=2                     " Soft tab stop
set smartindent               " Smart indent
set autoindent
set nocindent
set wrap

set hlsearch                  " Highlight searches
set incsearch                 " Do incremental searching

if has("autocmd")
"au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php,python,ruby set autoindent
"au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php,py,rb set smartindent
au FileType cpp,c,java,sh,pl,php set cindent
au BufRead *.py set cinwords=if,elif,else,for,while,try,except,finally,def,class
au BufRead *.rb set cinwords=if,elsif,else,unless,for,while,begin,rescue,def,class,module
"au BufRead *.py set smartindent cinwords=if,elif,else,for,while,try,except,finally,def,class
"au BufRead *.rb set smartindent cinwords=if,elsif,else,unless,for,while,begin,rescue,def,class,module
endif

syntax on
"set background=dark
"hi Normal ctermfg=grey ctermbg=darkgrey
hi PreProc ctermfg=magenta
hi Statement ctermfg=darkYellow
hi Type ctermfg=blue
hi Function ctermfg=blue
hi Identifier ctermfg=darkBlue
hi Special ctermfg=darkCyan
hi Constant ctermfg=darkCyan
hi Comment ctermfg=darkGreen
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.rb hi rubySymbol ctermfg=green

For more information about syntax highlight in vi, search for the README.txt file in
/usr/share/vim/vim72/colors (the 72 could be different)

To see the list of colors for all groups, type :highlight in vi

References:

- Using Vim: Syntax Highlighting